The term U-Commerce reflects the move to start to retail across multiple platforms, for example by combining E-commerce, T-commerce, and M-commerce.

A measure of the number of people who express knowledge of a brand or product without prompting (brand recall).

Unaided recall is a marketing technique to determine how well a consumer remembers an advertisement without any external help such as clues, or visuals.

is a scale where the number of favourable and unfavourable categories is not the same.

An unbiased statistic is a sample estimate of a population parameter whose sampling distribution has a mean that is equal to the parameter being estimated. 

are those that are worded so that they do not influence respondents’ opinions

This is a way of limiting the sampling error as a result of randomness only by deriving the samples from an unbiased source.

is the observation of behaviour or events with participants’ knowledge.

is a scale that allows a neutral or no opinion choice.

is used to describe a specific type of measurement scale. A unidimensional measurement scale has only one (“uni”) dimension.

The event containing all simple events for both event A and event B. The concept of union can be extended to more than two events.

Unipolar constructs are those that lend themselves strictly to an amount–either there is the maximum amount of the attitude or none of it.

The unit of analysis is the major entity that you are analyzing in your study. For instance, any of the following could be a unit of analysis in a study: individuals. groups.

Univariate analysis is a form of quantitative, statistical, evaluation. This method of analysis separately studies the findings regarding each variable in a data set, and therefore each individual variable is summarised on its own.

are forms of statistical analysis that are used where there is a single measure of each variable or where each variable is measured in isolation of other variables.

a universe is a population to be studied or measured. In economics a population to be measured is described as a "universe", and the measures which are generated are intended to reflect the behavior of that population.

is a form of observation study where the behaviours of interest and/or the method of observation are not clearly specified in advance of the study

This is a question that does not provoke or influence the answer of the respondent in any way.

are those that do not have any suggested alternatives and respondents answer in their own words.

Process of segmenting a market using data and analysis when no prior ideas are held about the number of segments, what they are, or how and why they are different.

is where respondents are reluctant to answer a particular question. This may be because too much effort is required, the situation or context is not seen as appropriate for disclosure, no legitimate purpose or need is seen for the information requested or the information is seen as sensitive.

An urban area, or built-up area, is a human settlement with a high population density and infrastructure of built environment.

Urban areas are defined by dense populations, the construction of multiple and often large buildings, monuments and other structures, and greater economic dependence on trade rather than agriculture or fishing.

is a qualitative market research technique in which participants evaluate a website, application, product, or prototype to test its ease and likelihood of use.

are research projects that aim to describe users (and non-users) of a product, together with their attitudes towards the product.

is the impression created, either explicitly or implicitly, about the type of person who is likely to be a user of a brand. User images can be defined demographically, by life stage, lifestyle or attitude.

is the worth or value of each level of each variable relative to the other levels.